The answer to that question will determine how we address issues like the rights of criminals to the means of Self-defense, voting, organizational power (business ownership, church/non-profit membership) and other things that may not be human rights, but are the rights of the free. After a person has served their sentence, are they forever a second-class citizen? If they have to petition for their rights back, who decides? Is their decision strictly rules based or does judgement play a part? Who's judgement do we trust?
The guidance to all these questions will come down to "Are people basically good or basically bad?" I like to think people are basically good and that it might be me in chains before the court, so how might I want to be treated? It might be me judged guilty, what would be the reasonable sentence? It might be me blinking in the sun after years incarcerated, how would I want to be treated?
Or what do you think we should do with the convicted? Where should the law draw the line between jail and a fine? What should society kill for, and how should we police ourselves? Can a debt to society ever be paid, or should a conviction be a scarlet letter, forever branding you and limiting your life?